Why TMT Bars are Essential in Modern Construction

Before TMT bars, unprocessed slabs and concrete were used, which rusted over time and weakened the structure. TMT bars are processed with advanced techniques that make them more reliable:

• Higher Strength: Ensures robust bonding with concrete
• Flexible Core: Makes structures earthquake-resistant
• Corrosion Resistance: Enhances longevity of buildings
• Fire Resistance: Thermal stability up to 600°C
• Cost-Effective: Reduced need for steel, lower fabrication time

There are some of the best TMT bar manufacturers across the country but some stand out because of their supreme quality such as the ones made by Shyam Steel Industry Limited. They are a coveted choice by Engineers because of their high-grade uniformity in structures, tolerances and dimensions. Their workability is high as compared to many other brands simply because of the quality checks at every point. They are known for being the best TMT bars in West Bengal for a reason.

They have an integrated steel plant in Durgapur which has an SMS Unit, DRI Unit, Rolling Mill Continuous Billet Casting Mill, and a laboratory equipped with all modern amenities. They also come with trustworthy certifications such as ISO -9001, 14001, AND OHSAS 18001

Shyam Steel makes it the best TMT bar in India because it creates them with a particular 500D grade that amplifies the strength in comparison to other ones. They play an integral role in heavy structures such as dams, flyovers, and bridges. This is owed to their high ductility which allows them to handle a lot of pressure, stress, and load.

They have also earned the name of manufacturers of the best TMT bar in Kolkata for the same reason. They do not require welding because they are made with special thermo-mechanical treatment. This also makes the bars uniform with a tempered martensitic rim, creating the internal surface free of any stress. In turn, the fatigue strength improves and they become more corrosion-resistant. The A-grade quality of the best TMT bar makes it highly cost-effective. The less consumption of steel makes them lighter on the pocket but more durable on the structure in the longer run.

Being the best TMT Bar in Kolkata West Bengal, they are often in high demand from industries such as Road and Bridge Construction, Port development, Power, Oil, and Gas extraction. Due to the increased toughness, they become an obvious choice in big construction projects.

To ensure that the quality is not compromised, Shyam Steel Industry Limited tests each bar through a rigorous corrosion media making it not only the best TMT bar in Kolkata but the entire country. The tests ensure their corrosion properties match up to the ASTM standards. Many other tests are carried out during various quality checks such as atmosphere test, salt spray test, alternative immersion test, Potentiodynamic test and Sulphur Dioxide test.

Conclusion: Invest in the Best TMT Bar in India

If you are planning house construction or any infrastructure project, choosing the best TMT bar in India is essential. Shyam Steel’s commitment to quality, rigorous testing, and unbeatable performance make it the perfect choice for safe, strong, and long-lasting construction.

The top construction company in Bihar is aiming to construct a sustainable building by preserving natural resources such as energy, water and raw materials. The focus is to counter the effects of global warming while minimising waste and other pollution causing reasons.

The green or sustainable building also intends to provide comfort and health by using high-quality sanitary and other construction materials, which are good for insulated construction.

Principles of sustainable construction

• Focussing on minimizing resource consumption including energy and water
• Maximizing the reuse of resources
• Promoting renewable and recyclable resources
• Focussing on the protection of the natural environment
• Creating a healthy and non-toxic environment

Sustainable construction technologies

To achieve such lofty aims listed above, the following sustainable construction technologies are being used while looking for building material supplies in Bihar:

• Usage of biodegradable building material
• Smart appliances, cool roofs and green insulation
• Zero-energy or low energy consuming building design
• Electrochromic smart glass
• Utilization of solar power for heating, air conditioning & ventilation(HVAC)
• Usage of earthquake-resistant construction material
• Self-powered buildings
• Usage of water-efficient technologies

Benefits of sustainable construction

• Environmental benefits: Sustainable construction gives priority to renewable, bio-sourced, local and recyclable building materials products. These designs are typically based on the usage of renewable energies such as geothermal, solar, wood and aerothermal. They focus on preserving resources like energy, and water and providing better insulation. This sustainable or green building construction needless to say, is beneficial for the environment.
• Economic benefits: Construction of sustainable or green buildings has   also shown significant savings of about 25% to 35% of energy savings in comparison to conventional buildings. Apart from energy savings, they boost the real estate market and reduce operating costs.
• Social benefits: Sustainable or green buildings are socially beneficial as they improve the quality of living, while enhancing the health of people living in the house. It also provides thermal insulation, lighting management, better energy and greatly minimizes the burden on local infrastructure.

Challenges faced while constructing a green building

• The cost of sustainable construction is high as compared to local construction. This can be a hurdle even if they are profitable in due course.
• The main obstacle to sustainable construction is the lack of public awareness. People are not aware of the benefits of sustainable construction. Impactful awareness campaigns by top construction companies in Bihar can resolve this issue.

Tips to go green on your next building

• Selection of a sustainable site which means effective use of nature ensuring soil erosion control.
• Rainwater Harvesting: Adopting methods to be water efficient so that it can capture storm or rainwater that can be reused later as it is connected with a storage tank.
• Usage of ultra-modern water conservation fittings to monitor water consumption.

The world has seen such an upheaval of sorts with the pandemic that has damaged growth in many industries. Although most of us do not think of this, but one of the fields that has seen a huge down trend has been that of the construction industry. Rising construction costs, a shortage of labour availability and many more such disturbing challenges have continually impaired a revenue generating business. However, it is heartening to note that as time passed, innovations and trending ideas has gradually revived this industry.

Accepting changes and upgrades in the construction trends has levelled the construction industry to become more competitive and valuable. Here are some constructions trends to watch out for in the next 3 years:

1. Augmented Reality: The two technologies that are at the intersection in the building construction services are Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR).

AR creates a computer-generated image for the user’s view, whereas, VR can replace the real world with a simulated environment. These two technologies work together as AR is taking over the emerging trends along with VR in the construction arena. AR enables the power of visualising the actual world with the help of a camera lens. It displays critical information about the equipment and construction ideas which can also practically display the associated risks and possible failures. This helps in understanding and correcting the mistakes before even putting them on-site.

2. BIM (Building Information Modelling): BIM is another hot trending construction technology. It can prove to be a game-changer for the building construction service industry as it can represent project development and highly collaborative surroundings in a 3D format. This technology has several benefits for construction companies such as easy accessibility of resources, enhancement in collaboration and convenience in connectivity, throughout the project.
3. Robotic technology: As technology is pacing ahead in the recent years, having robots around in every aspect of life will not be a surprise. This technology is quite relatable when it comes to the construction industry. In the coming years, robots can become the commanding force in the construction industry and they can bring more accuracy and precision to construction.
4. Mobile and cloud technology: The recent technology trends that are ruling the world is mobile and Cloud. Cloud technology enables the storage of unlimited data and retrieving options without burdening the hardware device. With the prevalence of Cloud and mobile technology, it has brought about an increase in competition and hence, to remain in the competition, the best construction material company in Jharkhand is keeping pace with the latest technology in Cloud and mobile.
5. Usage of drones: In this rapidly evolving world, Drone technology is reliable and very helpful for the construction industry. The drone can show a 3D view of the site from above, withstanding climatic extremes, and can help identify solutions for the challenges on the ground.

Constructions, bridges and flyovers, dams, thermal and hydel power plants, industrial structures, high-rise buildings, and subterranean platforms in metro and fast transportation systems are some of the general places TMT bars are commonly used. TMT Bars are thermo-mechanically treated for high yield strength using world-leading temp core-based technology.

Why can’t we simply pour concrete? What’s the role of TMT rebar?

‘Reinforced’ concrete is currently used in almost every structure. The compressive strength of concrete is great (the ability to withstand loads that tend to compress). Concrete, on the other hand, requires steel reinforcement due to its poor tensile strength (ability to withstand elongating loads) and ductility (ability to deform under forces that tend to elongate). Steel, on the other hand, is extremely tensile and ductile. Steel and concrete, when used together, have the potential to withstand all types of forces that can be applied to a structure. Furthermore, when the temperature rises, both steel and concrete expand similarly. This makes them an extremely attractive pair.

Consider steel and concrete to be close companions that compensate for one other’s flaws! Simultaneously, they share characteristics that make them an excellent match!

Why is it called TMT rebar?

Because of the manufacturing process, the best quality TMT bar in Bihar is known as Thermo Mechanically Treated rebars. Water is used to cool hot rolled steel. The core cools faster than the surrounding surface. The outer surface becomes hard and robust as a result of rapid cooling. The core, on the other hand, stays soft and ductile due to the slower cooling rate. The steel is also more corrosion resistant as a result of the manufacturing process.

TMT rebars are Fe550D grade of iron. What exactly does that imply?

The yield stress in N/mm2 is denoted by the number 550. This is the point at which steel begins to ‘give’ or deform. When a force of less than 550 N/mm2 is applied, the TMT rebar will revert to its original shape after the force is withdrawn. To put the great tensile strength of steel into perspective, 550 N/mm2 is the ground pressure imposed by nearly 2,200 elephants stacked on top of each other! The strength of Steel is extremely high tensile.

The letter ‘D’ stands for Ductility, when it comes to the 550D grade, failure usually occurs at 625 N/mm2 or higher. In intense loading circumstances, such as earthquakes, higher ductility is advantageous.

TMT rebar has ribs. Why aren’t they smooth, shiny surfaces?

The ribs on TMT bars from the best saria suppliers in Bihar help the rebar grasp the concrete well. Because of the grip, the concrete and steel become composite materials. After setting, the TMT rods will be difficult to remove from the concrete.

TMT bars’ characteristics

• Withstands earthquakes
• Increased tensile strength and ductility
• Thermal resistance is high.
• Improved adaptability
• Weldability is excellent, with no loss of strength at welded joints.
• Cost-efficient

How are Shyam Steel TMT rebars better than other TMT rebars?

Shyam Steel TMT Bar Manufacturers are frequently referred to as a commodity, with all brands in the market being equivalent. They prioritize research & development behind the scenes, paying close attention to every element of the manufacturing process. 

Shyam Steel TMT being one of the top iron saria suppliers in Bihar assures that every piece of TMT rebar not only meets but also surpasses the set criteria by a significant margin.

The percentage of alloying elements such as sulphur, phosphorus, and manganese is critical for TMT rebar performance. Many construction failures have been documented as a result of the percentage of these alloying elements not complying with industry standards. However, controlling the proportion of these alloying components in the manufacturing process might be challenging at times. Some businesses even make concessions on costly alloying materials such as manganese. 

The best place to buy your TMT material in Bihar is at https://shyamsteel.com/products/tmt-rebars/. Place your order today.

But despite carrying so much importance, not everyone can control the quality during their project. Studies show that more than 50 per cent of construction defects are the result of human factors such as unskilled labour or lack of supervision while 12 per cent is the result of material and system failure.

If you are looking to ensure construction quality control, these 6 steps would help you to a great deal:

1. Invest in the Correct Materials

Various studies have suggested that skilled trade workers are hard to find whereas 80% of contractors mention the hassles they faced hiring skilled workers while another 35% believe that it would become more difficult in the coming future.

So once you get started with your project, it is important to invest in the right workers during the initial stage. Having the right team will ensure the job is delivered correctly with the expectations of the customer maintained.

Make sure that each member of your team understands the requirements of the project. Apart from the safety, indicate that poor quality won’t be acceptable.

2. Invest in the Correct Materials

Once you start preparing for the project after understanding the customer’s needs, ensure you never look to compromise with the quality of the materials. When you look to buy construction materials online in Bihar, ensure that they meet the standard requirements along with the project specifications. Once you are satisfied with the right specifications, go ahead with the placing of the order.

For instance, your electrician should know all types of wirings and which one would be perfect for the current project. Check the materials personally as well once they arrive to negate any possibility of damages or incorrect specifications.

3. Maintain Safety & Compliance

Apart from keeping the workers’ safety as the priority, look to maintain proper safety and compliance to prevent any improper work to take place during the project. For instance, if your workers are tired, they will look to find shortcuts in their work or may do a misjudgment which can cost majorly to the project or deviate it from the defined timeline. Ask them to take regular breaks and avoid overtime if one’s stress.

4. Maintain Completed Project

The worst nightmare for an ongoing project is the weather since such things are out of control. Cover all the scratch or damaged potential surfaces completely with cardboard, timber or other such materials until the project is ready. Best building materials in Bihar that comes in plastic wrappings should be left as it is until it has to be used.

5. Steer Clear of Scope Creep

Regardless of the size of the company, the industry has witnessed instances where a company found itself amidst scope creep. When the changes keep coming from the client, sooner or later you will find yourself in a situation where you have deviated from the scope of the project to an unreasonable level. In this time, workers also look to find shortcuts while lower quality is used to save cost. Get in touch with the stakeholders regarding the scope and make sure everyone is on the same page. It’s important to stick to the quality standards and expectations of the client.

6. Get rid of deficiencies immediately

You might encounter various deficiencies while testing and auditing the project. To deal with the same, come up with a concrete policy whether it is maintaining the expertise or quality. Ignoring the deficiencies for too long will impact the project and your reputation.

Also, as the need of building high storied construction increases, coupled with natural hazards, it is advisable to opt for RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) framed construction. Basically, RCC framed construction consists of a series of columns provided suitably in the house which are interconnected by beams to form a frame. These columns transfer the building load to underneath soil through RCC footings.

The frame, starting from the foundation, has to be designed by a structural engineer who would decide upon the mix of concrete to be used, the sizes of columns and beams as well as the reinforcement to be provided therein, depending on the loads to be sustained by the structure.

What is a Column?

A column is a vertical compression member which transmits the load of the structure to foundations. They are reinforced by means of vertical bars to resist compression and/or bending, and transverse steel (closed ties) to resist shearing forces.

Typical Loads to be considered for Column Design

• Dead Load: Any permanent load acting on the column, e.g. self-weight of the column, the weight of the beam

• Live Load: Any non-permanent or moving load

• Earthquake Load: Depends on the seismic zone where the building is located. Higher is the zone, more is the load

• Wind Load: Depends upon the wind speed, height & location of the building. Also, terrain and adjacent structures play a role in the determination of this load

Recommended construction practices for columns

Reinforcing bar details (minimum)

• Columns: 4 bars of 12mm steel rods FE 500

• Beams: 2 bars of 12 mm in the bottom and 2 bars of 10 mm on the top

• Slab

a) One Way Slab: Main Steel 8 MM bars @ 6″ C/C and Distribution Steel of 6 mm bars @ 6″ C/C

b) Two Way Slab: Main Steel 8 MM bars @ 5″ C/C and Distribution Steel of 8 mm bars @ 7″ C/C

• Foundation: 6″of PCC layer comes first. A tapered or rectangular footing of 12″ thickness is minimum. Steel mesh of 8 mm bars @ 6″ C/C should be laid. In a 1m X 1m footing, this should consist of 6 bars of 8 mm on both portions of the steel mesh.

Finance is something that needs to be examined, achievable and according to feasibility of the project. Construction is not a complicated process with the right tools in hand and a well-executed plan. The only successful way for construction ambitions to become a reality is with an accurate construction estimate.

The purpose of Construction Material Estimation

Construction estimates provide a detailed description of the project and the costs involved to it. The estimates help to get an idea about costing and plan accordingly to complete the project efficiently.

A lot of times the costs often overrun the budgeting, so it is crucial to have cost estimation before the job begins. It helps to keep the estimates realistic and holistic.

The cost estimator analyses the total cost of a construction project. The factors that construction cost estimators look into include labor, materials, location, duration, special machinery, building codes, soil conditions at the site, and many others.

Ways of estimating construction costs

Allocation of Joint Costs

Estimation of individual construction materials is difficult. Therefore, different mathematical formulas are being used to reduce the time and increase the accuracy in estimation. The total cost helps to direct the allocation and strategize the purchase.

Empirical Cost Inference

It is the method that relates the cost of construction to a model of predictors with regression analysis. The quality of the model determines the accuracy of this method.

Production Function

This states that to achieve a certain level of output you must define the optimal input. They tend to be very accurate since they are based on extensive data for specific projects like schools or hospitals.

Stick Estimating

This type of estimation determines the total expenditure by listing the cost of all components of a job in the correct order. Because this is a lengthy process human error is a factor but more often than not, stick estimation is a very accurate process.

Unit Cost Estimating

Unit cost estimating associates to unit costs calculation wherever assembly involved in the construction process. It is a relatively fast and accurate process.

The value of accuracy and why estimates are important

Before the construction begins budgeting is very important. Once the construction starts it is more important to keep a check on timely manner. A feasible budget is vital for the success of any project. When faced with the question of the budget the company has to determine and analyze whether the approved budget is sufficient to turn their vision into reality, which can only happen with an accurate and well researched construction estimate.

Comparing bids, working with estimators can help construction companies greatly while estimating. It is also crucial that clients and other stakeholders in construction projects understand that estimates are subject to change. Simply put, estimates are an essential step in the construction process but can be affected by unforeseeable factors.

If the projects go beyond the scope of the estimate, clients will often have to provide for the additional costs or sacrifice certain design elements. To avoid these mishaps, it is vital for the clients to look for more than costs and duration while reviewing bids and also to spend the necessary amount of time during the estimation period.

Every project is meant to be created for achieving its desired result. It is important to do the accurate budgeting but it needs to be done by selecting what is the best for the project.

It can be only done by selecting best quality construction materials. Bricks, Sand, Steel Bar, Cement etc. are the component with which there cannot be any compromise. It can lead to a poor construction followed by fatal accidents in future. Therefore, research and analysis is important before selecting the components.

In the end the essential part of any project is profitability. Thus, using qualified cost estimators and appropriate construction cost estimating services is equally needed.

Coarse aggregates refer to irregular and granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone, and are used for making concrete. In most cases, Coarse is naturally occurring and can be obtained by blasting quarries or crushing them by hand or crushers. It is imperative to wash them before using them for producing concrete. Their angularity and strength affect the concrete in numerous ways. Needless to say, the selection of these aggregates is a very important process.

Size of Coarse Aggregate

Materials that are large enough to be retained on the 4.7mm sieve size usually constitute coarse aggregates and can reach a maximum size of 63mm.

The size of coarse aggregates affects several aspects of the concrete, mainly strength and workability, and the amount of water needed for the concrete mix. It also helps determine how much fine aggregate is needed to produce a concrete batch. The bigger the size, the smaller is its bondable surface area for cement, sand and water; the less water and fine aggregate is needed with concrete mixes.

The size of the coarse aggregate determines the cement to water ratio

Less water means a stronger mix, but it also becomes less workable. One important factor is the space between TMT Bars. The aggregate needs to be smaller than the space between internal reinforcements. This will allow the aggregate to pass between the rebar and settle evenly throughout the structure.

Grading of Coarse Aggregate

The grading of aggregate is its classification according to the average size of the particles. It is important that the grading is kept constant for concrete batches. The aggregate particles need to be of a consistent size for an even grading. Similar shaped coarse aggregates make the concrete more cohesive and uniform.

Shape of Coarse Aggregate

The characteristic of the parent rock from which coarse aggregates is produced and also the type of crusher used to influence the shape of the aggregates. They may be round, angular or completely irregular. Rounded aggregates, such as gravel, have the lowest water demand due to their lower surface area. They also have the lowest cement requirement. This makes rounded aggregates more economical; however, the bonds they form are not as strong as those of angular aggregate.

Angular ones require more water and cement because they have a higher surface area. This can make a concrete batch more expensive, but it is also stronger and more durable. Irregularly-shaped aggregates have similar properties to angular aggregates, but if the particles are too flaky or elongated, it can result in segregation in the concrete.

Strength of Coarse Aggregate

The strength of the actual material will determine the final strength of the concrete mix. Some rocks and stones are stronger than others thus, giving higher resistance to cracking and crushing. Granite, for example, is far stronger than limestone. Therefore, it is a common aggregate used by contractors.

Water absorption of Coarse Aggregate

Aggregate absorption is the water it soaks up in the concrete batch. Dry aggregates suck up any water in the concrete, which can lead to a dry and brittle mix. That is why contractors keep their aggregates damp before mixing a batch of concrete. Coarse aggregates can absorb water up to five percent of their weight. This means that contractors need to add extra water to a concrete mix if the aggregate is dry.

These properties determine the final quality and strength of a concrete batch. The size, grading, shape, strength and water absorption of the aggregate all influence the final concrete mix in various ways, so contractors need to keep an eye on these variables. 

The properties of coarse aggregate will determine the final quality and strength of a concrete batch. The size, grading, shape, strength and water absorption of the aggregate all influence the final concrete mix in various ways, so contractors need to keep an eye on these variables.

Purpose of Curing

The reaction between cement and water is called hydration. It is an exothermic reaction (which releases heat). After adding water to the concrete mix, hydration starts, which tends to dry the concrete quickly. Hence concrete is kept moist by curing, to stop it from drying out before attaining its maximum strength.

The factors required for curing of the structural elements are:

1. Specified Strength of Concrete
2. Grades of concrete
3. Temperature – The chemical reaction between cement and water in concrete releases heat, which requires constant adding of water to complete hydration. In summer fifty percent of water is evaporated. So, more water is needed during sunny days.
4. Size and Shape of the Concrete member
5. Economy
6. Material availability
7. Labor force
8. in situ versus plant concrete production
9. Aesthetics

Curing Methods

Curing methods can be classified into three basic methods

• Water Addition Method

This method keeps the surface of the concrete moist by ponding, spraying/sprinkling, fogging, misting, wet burlap, and other water absorbent materials

• Water Retention Method

This method prevents loss of moisture from the concrete by covering it with polythene sheeting or leaving the formwork in places

• Temperature control Method:

This involves live steam, heating coils, electrically heated forms or pads

Considerations for selecting a curing method:

a) The type of construction such as those involving large horizontal surface areas as in roads, floors, and airfields, or, those involving formed concrete in walls, columns, beams, cantilevers, and arches, etc

b) The place of construction, whether indoors and damp situations (as inside a building) or outdoor

c) The weather conditions where concrete is being laid in cold climates or in dry and hot weather

The methods in detail:

Water Addition Method

Water addition is considered as the best method of curing of concrete as it satisfies all the requirements of curing – absorption of the heat of hydration, promotion of hydration, and elimination of shrinkage. Water curing is carried out by adding water to the surface of concrete to ensure that it is kept continuously moist. The water used for this purpose should not be more than about 5°C cooler than the concrete surface. Spraying warm concrete with cold water may give rise to ‘thermal shock’ that may contribute to cracking.

Water curing can be done in the following ways:

i. Spraying or Fogging.

ii. Ponding.

iii. Wet covering.

iv. Immersion.

i. Spraying of Water:

This method is ideally suited for almost all types of construction in most conditions. Vertical reclining walls, plastered surfaces, concrete columns, etc. are cured by spraying water. It involves spraying water with the help of house pipes connected to the main water supply lines. However in tall structures, water spraying at top levels may hamper work on the lower floors.

ii. Ponding of Water:

Ponding is a quick, inexpensive and effective form of curing when there is a ready supply of good ‘dam’ material (e.g. clay soil), a supply of water, and the ‘pond’ does not interfere with subsequent building operations.

In this method, pavement slabs, roof slabs, etc., are kept under water by making small ponds. It is the next common method of curing of concrete suited best for horizontal surface areas such as roads, floors, and slabs.

Small ponds, not more than 5 cm deep, are made over the surface by raising temporary barriers.

These ponds are kept filled with water for several days. In hot weather, ponding is the ideal method of curing of concrete. It has the added advantage of helping to maintain a uniform temperature on the surface of the slab

iii. Wet Coverings:

In some cases, wet coverings such as wet gunny bags, jute matting, and straw are wrapped to the vertical surface for keeping the concrete wet.

For horizontal surfaces, sawdust, earth or sand are used as wet coverings to keep the concrete in a damp condition for a longer time.

Another method, suitable for flat, columnar, and vertical surfaces (after the formwork is removed) is covering the surface with straw, burlap, hessian or jute soaked in water. These are kept moist for the entire period of curing. Fabrics are particularly useful on vertical surfaces since they help distribute water evenly over the surface and even where not in contact with it, will prevent the surface evaporation from within the concrete and supply the additional water required for hydration.

iv. Immersion:

The precast concrete items are usually immersed in curing tanks for a specific duration.

Water Retention Method by Curing Compounds(Membrane Method)

This may be broadly described as the chemical method of curing of concrete.

In this method, some suitable chemical compounds dissolved in solvents are sprayed over the fresh concrete to be cured. The solvent evaporates, leaving behind a thin film of the chemical compound spread over the concrete surface.

This film prevents evaporation from the concrete.

Thus, if enough water has already been added at the time of preparation of concrete, it will set and harden nicely without much addition of water. The thick film of chemical compound starts peeling off after some time (2-4 weeks) leaving behind the properly cured concrete. Most curing compounds consist of different types of resins.

A major disadvantage of this method is that continuous concreting is not possible. The cured surface will not bond firmly with a new layer unless the chemical is completely removed from it.

Still, on flat surfaces of single thickness, the membrane method is used extensively.

Temperature control Method

The development of the strength of concrete is a function of not only time but also of temperature.

When concrete is subjected to a higher temperature, it accelerates the hydration process which results in faster development of strength.

The exposure of concrete to higher temperature is done in the following manners:

i. Steam curing at ordinary temperature

ii. Steam curing at high temperature

iii. Curing by infrared radiation

iv. Electrical curing

 i. Steam curing at ordinary temperature

This method is mostly adopted for prefabricated concrete elements; application of steam to construction will be a difficult task. For steam curing, the concrete elements are stored in a chamber. The chamber should be large enough to hold a day’s production.

The door is closed, and steam is applied, either continuously or intermittently. Accelerated hydration takes place at this higher temperature and concrete attains the 28-day strength in about 3 days.

In large prefabricated factories, they have tunnel curing arrangements. However, concrete subjected to a higher temperature at the early period of hydration is found to lose some of the strength at a later stage.

Very fresh concrete should not be subjected suddenly to high temperature. A certain delay period after casting the concrete is desirable.

ii. Steam curing at high temperature and pressure

Unlike ordinary steam curing, this curing is carried out in a closed chamber. The super-heated steam at high temperature and high pressure is applied to the concrete. This process is also called ‘autoclaving.’

The following advantages are derived from this process:

a. In one day or less the concrete develops the strength that normally cured concrete gains in twenty-eight days. Also, it does not lose strength at a later stage.

b. This concrete shows higher resistance to sulfate attack, freezing & thawing action and chemical action.

c. High-pressure steam cured concrete shows lower drying shrinkage and moisture movement.

 iii. Curing by infrared radiation

Curing of concrete by infrared radiations has been practiced in very cold climatic regions of Russia.

 iv. Electrical curing

Another method of curing concrete, which applies mostly to very cold climatic regions, is using electricity. This method is not likely to find much use in ordinary temperatures due to economic reasons.

What is the Right Time for Concrete Curing?

The right time for concrete curing depends on several factors. Like, temperature, the evaporation rate, moisture content in the air, etc.

According to ACI-308, three phases of concrete curing should be done.

(1) Initial Curing.

This process is also called Bleeding of Concrete.

After placing of concrete, the water starts bleeding from concrete and rises from its pores. After rising of water, evaporation takes place, and the water starts disappearing from the surface due to evaporation.

Bleeding of concrete depends on many factors like thickness, length, temperature, etc. So, to reduce the loss of water and prevent shrinkage, initial curing of concrete is required. Evaporation reducers can be used for this process.

(2) Intermediate Curing of Concrete.

This process is done when finishing work is finished before the final setting of cement. It is required as water plays an important role in the strength of concrete.

(3) Final Concrete Curing.

After the final setting of concrete, it should be cured so that one can prevent the loss of more water and increase the strength of concrete.

What is RCC Construction?

Francois Coignet, a French industrialist built a four storey house in Paris with reinforced cement concrete in 1853. That was first ever attempting to build using reinforced cement concrete in modern history. Since then, the technology has evolved with one of the highest buildings in the world being built using RCC.

Reinforced Cement Concrete is a composite material with excellent strength and durability. Like clay, concrete can be moulded into any shape, on any scale by using suitable moulds or formworks. One can make concrete anywhere by mixing its components in suitable proportion. It slowly develops strength over a period of time, which helps in smooth onsite operations. This portable nature of concrete along with the strength it develops is the key to its popularity.

Introduction of TMT rebar in RCC Construction

Concrete on its own has got excellent strength when pressed against anything. However on pulling (or stretching) it easily gives way.

While concrete has been used as a construction material since Roman times, the use of reinforcement in the form of iron was only introduced in the 1850’s by Coignet, and it was not until the 1880’s that a German civil engineer G. A. Wayss used steel as reinforcement.

Steel round that has prominent grips are forcibly inserted in concrete to give desired strength. Beauty of steel rebar is that they can take both extensible as well as compressive loads. In RCC columns you would find steel rebars carrying bulk of compressive loads. Steel & concrete have got similar temperature coefficients, making them expand/contract together and helping the bonding.

The introduction of Thermo Mechanically treated (TMT) steel bar has brought a new era in India’s construction industry. Round plain steel ruled over this industry up to sixties. TOR steel took over in the seventies and maintained its supremacy till nineties. 1997 Onwards the industry has seen extensive use of TMT steel bar that are corrosion-resistant, thereby ensuring longer life for RCC structures. TMT bars are widely used in general concrete reinforcement structures, bridges and flyovers, dams, thermal and hydel power plants, industrial structures, high-rise buildings, underground platforms in metro railway and rapid transport system.

TMT is an acronym for “thermo-mechanical treatment”. Thermo Mechanically Treated (TMT) bars are manufactured using the Quenching & Tempering (Q & T) technology. A TMT bar gets its strength properties from quenching and tempering. No mechanical treatment is involved in TMT Bars.

In TMT bars, the carbon content can be restricted to 0.25% to attain weld-ability and at the same time no strength is lost on this account. The joints can be welded by ordinary electrodes and no extra precautions are required. Another advantage of TMT bars is their tough surface providing high yield strength and a soft core providing excellent ductility. Strength, weldability and ductility are the properties which make TMT steel highly economical and safe. An additional advantage of TMT steel is that a twisting operation is included in Tor steel, which subjects the bars to torsional stresses making them less corrosion resistant while TMT bars are free of such stresses. As a result TMT bars have excellent corrosion resistance power. There are ample of TMT Bar Manufacturers in the market but it is always required to buy ISO Certified TMT Bars that has the perfect combination of Strength & Flexibility.

The TMT process gives the bar superior strength and anti-corrosive properties. Controlled water-cooling prevents the formation of harsh carbides, which is the main reason behind the corrosive nature of common bars. Due to very high elongation values and consistent properties throughout the length of bar, TMT rebars have excellent bendability. The soft ferrite pearlite core enables the bar to bear dynamic and seismic loading. TMT bars have high fatigue resistance to dynamic / seismic loads due to its higher ductility. This makes them most suitable for use in earthquake prone areas and very cost effective.

QUANTITY OF STEEL USED IN RCC CONSTRUCTION

• FOR RCC SLAB: 1.0% OF CONCRETE VOLUME

• FOR RCCBEAM: 2.0% OF CONCRETE VOLUME

• FOR RCC COLUMN: 2.5% OF CONCRETE VOLUME

• FOR RCC ROAD: 0.6% OF CONCRETE VOLUME

CONSTRUCTION COST and REBAR COST PER SQ. FT OF BUILT-UP AREA

• LIG (G+4): CONST. COST = RS. 1500/- / SFT & REBAR COST + RS. 150/- / SFT

• MIG (G+7): CONST. COST = RS. 1900/- / SFT & REBAR COST + RS. 180/- / SFT

• HIG (B+G+10): CONST. COST = RS. 2300/- / SFT & REBAR COST + RS. 240/- / SFT

• COMMERCIAL (B+G+10): CONST. COST = RS. 2900/- / SFT &

 REBAR COST + RS. 300/- / SFT

Advantages of Using Rebars in RCC Work

• To increase its overall strength, TMT Steel bars, wires, mesh or cables can be embedded in concrete before it sets. This reinforcement, often known as rebar, resists tensile forces. By forming a strong bond together, the two materials are able to resist a variety of applied forces, effectively acting as a single structural element
• Reinforced concrete can be precast or cast-in-place (in situ) concrete and is used in a wide range of applications such as slab, wall, beam, column, foundation, and frame construction. Reinforcement is generally placed in areas of the concrete that are likely to be subjected to tension, such as the lower portion of beams. It is usual for there to be a minimum of 50 mm cover, both above and below the steel reinforcement, to resist spalling and corrosion which can lead to structural instability

Checklist for Steel Reinforcement

• Should be free of loose rust, oil paints, mud, dust, etc

• Should be stacked above the ground level free from any water accumulation

• Should be cut, bent (preferably by cutting & bending machines) and fixed properly by using right size of binding wires at required intervals

• Should be fixed in a position by use of cover blocks (if it is concrete cover block then grade of concrete should be the same or higher), chairs, spacers, additional supporting bars, and laps; laps to be used in proper location as advised by Engineer-in-charge.

• Should be placed and tied in such a manner that concrete pouring is done without any kind of segregation and compaction is done by an immersion vibrator of right size as per the requirement

It is always important to buy from Best Quality TMT Bar Manufacturers. India’s most of the places such as West Bengal, Bihar, Assam etc. come under high seismic zone. As per IS Standards Fe500d grade TMT Bar has the perfect combination of Strength & Flexibility.

5 Types of Steel Reinforced Bars are used in Cement Concrete

• Hot Rolled Deformed Bars
• Cold Rolled Steel Bars
• Mild Steel Bars
• Twisted Steel Bars
• Welded Steel Wire

Hot Rolled Deformed Bars

Hot rolled deformed bars are also known as Thermo mechanically treated bars or TMT Bars. In RCC (Reinforced Concrete Structure) TMT Bars are commonly used for its superior tensile strength. The Ribs on TMT Bars provide superior bonding in Cement Concrete. Best quality TMT Bars has a tensile strength of 64000 psi (PSI – Strength of Concrete is measured in pounds per square inch).

Cold Rolled Steel Bars

Cold Rolled Steel bars looks similar as Hot rolled bars although these are made at room temperature. These bars consists poor strength and easily bendable. Cold Rolled bars are almost obsolete from the market though these are used for some construction that does not need much tolerance. It carries tensile strength upto 60000 psi.

Mild Steel Bars

This bar does not have any ribs; it comes with plain surface and in round shape. Mild Steel Bars are used in RCC for beam, slabs etc. The Tensile Strength is upto 40000 psi. Mild Steel Bars does not bond well with concrete and it is poor in quality that is why it is used in small projects with budget constraint.

Twisted Steel Bars

Twisted Steel Bars are also known as Prestressing tendons. These are comprised of different wires almost 7 wires spun together into a strand. Twisted Steel Bar carries high tensile strength upto 270000 psi. These are mainly used on braces of scaffolds for prestressing Reinforced Cement Concrete. Its high tensile strength makes it conceivable.

Welded Steel Wire

Welded Steel Wires consist of weld mesh. It produces medium tensile strength. These are used for partitions, fencing etc. It’s available in different diameters and the strength is higher than mild steel bar, which is why it is widely accepted for particular segments in construction for better efficiency.

It is important to know that Thermo mechanically Treated bars (TMT Bars) are widely accepted worldwide for its high tensile strength. TMT Bars not only provide strength it is flexible enough as well. That is why it gives maximum protection during any natural disaster such as earthquake, flood etc. TMT Bars consists of less amount of carbon that is why it is less fatigue and highly corrosion resistant as well.

As per IS Standards Fe 500d grade of TMT Bar has the perfect combination of strength & flexibility. That is why it is most recommended for construction purpose.

• Ductility
• Tensile Strength
• Yield Power
• Thermal Resistance
• Corrosion Resistance

Steel rods in construction ensure the strength and longevity. It is important to choose TMT Bar Manufacturer that ensures the quality of TMT Bar. TMT Bars that are manufactured at Integrated Steel Plant (ISP) are best in quality because it is made of pure iron ore.

Thermo mechanical Treatment is a process in which best quality steel bars cools down under water jet technology that is known as “Thermex” in which outer surface of the TMT Bars becomes hard and the inner core remain soft. TMT Bars (Thermo mechanically Treated Bars) are extremely Strong, Ductile, Fatigue resistant, Earthquake Resistant and Corrosion Resistant too.

TMT Bars comes in different Diameters

8mm | 10mm | 12mm | 16mm |20mm | 25mm |32mm

Best Grade of TMT Bar

TMT Bar manufactured in different grades. The grade denotes yield strength of TMT Bar. The grade starts from Fe 415 and goes up to Fe 600.

Yield Strength & Ductility is inversely proportionate in TMT Bars. For an example If you buy Fe 600 TMT Bars you will get higher strength but it is lesser ductile. Then which grade of TMT Steel Bars is best for every construction?

As per IS Standards Fe 500D (D = ductile) Grade TMT Bars has the perfect combination of Strength & Ductility to it. It is important to choose only Best Grade because only Fe 500D grade TMT Bars provide the optimum protection during an earthquake.

TMT Bar Used for

TMT Bars used for various purposes. For all type of construction it is used because TMT Bars provide optimum safety, durability to the structure. It is used for civil construction purposes such as

• Power Plants
• Dams
• Airports
• Bridges
• Flyovers
• Stadiums
• Highways

Apart from these it is also used in

• High Rise Construction
• Complex Structures
• It is also used for Building your Dream Home

For Earthquake Prone Areas

It is essential to use only Fe 500D grade TMT Bar because it has the perfect balance of Strength & Flexibility therefore it can hold the structure from being uprooted for its tensile  strength.

For Corrosion Prone Areas

Worldwide demand of Corrosion Resistant TMT Bars are high. Thermo Mechanically Treated bars do not react in Reinforcement. Rust occupies an extra area within the concrete therefore, causes cracks in the structure.

Fire Resistant

Be it residential house, high rise or any other structure it can be exposed to fire at any time. Globally many a buildings collapsed due to fire hazards. TMT Bars can absorb heat up to 600 degree Celsius.

These are the usage of TMT Steel bars. For all type of construction purposes TMT Bar is mandatory and it makes every structure strong and everlasting.

High Strength & Ductility comes into the steel for Thermo mechanical treatment. Steel turns into ferrite pearlite structure that means the outer core becomes strong and inside remain soft.

Steps for Manufacturing TMT Bar

Few important facts on Thermo mechanical Treatment

• A consistent austenite forms that is far superior to ordinary steels and the hardening forms during controlled cooling process.
• Carbon ratio in TMT Bars is as low as 0.5% therefore the tensile strength is high and less brittle.
• The tempering is done at 100°C that increases the strength and ductility.
• During Thermo mechanical treatment superior ductility enhances in TMT bars therefore, the austenite causes the balance between Strength and Flexibility.
• The brittle strength increases in TMT Bar relatively. That is why it becomes usable for any type of construction purposes.
• The Martensite structure consists of consistent RIBS that give superior bonding quality of steel bars in RCC.

Thermo mechanical treatment in steel makes it far superior for all type of construction.  TMT Bars gives some unmatched advantages those are:

• TMT Bars comes with better strength & superior Elongation than any other type of steel bars
• It saves up to 17% of steel
• The cost of TMT Bar are lower than other types of steel bar
• For better Ductility & Bendability it is easy to use for any type of construction structure and saves time as well
• TMT Bars are Resistant to Fire and Corrosion that is why worldwide the demand of TMT Steel Bars are higher
• The fatigue strength in TMT Bar is higher so, during the construction it can bend as per the requirement

Therefore, Thermo mechanical treatment makes Steel bars superior construction purposes. It is important to choose only Thermo mechanically Treated Bars (TMT Bars) for construction purpose.

In construction TMT Bar is one of the prime material that makes your home

• Fire Resistant
• Earthquake Resistant

Thus, it is important to choose the best quality TMT Bar that has the perfect balance of strength & flexibility and makes your home everlasting. TMT Bars are widely used for its ductility and bendability. TMT Bar is an advance technology that used in all type of construction. The Thermo Mechanical Treatment results strong outer martensite layer in outer side that results the tensile strength to it and soft ferrite-pearlite inner core makes it highly ductile. TMT Bars are well known for its bendability.

Here we are going to discuss about the Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) that will help to simplify the steel bar estimation for construction and advantage of it.

Bar Bending Schedule or Schedule of Bar is performed depending upon the reinforced concrete work item. Bar bending agenda summarizes all of the wanted particulars of bars – diameter, shape of bending, length of every bent and straight portions, angles of bending, overall length of every bar, and number of each type of bar. This facts is a exquisite assist in preparing an estimate of quantities.

What is Bar Bending Schedule?

Calculation of the total quantity of TMT Steel Bar required for building construction is termed as Bar Bending Schedule. Steel Bar reinforce in concrete structure therefore the construction structure can withstand during the tension. How much TMT Bar required constructing your home? What type of steel bar is best for construction? How much TMT Bar required in RCC? These all queries can be served during Bar Bending Schedule (BBS).

Modification in Bar Bending Schedules

Construction industry rapidly changed in last few decades. Previously three to four-storey building were considered to be high rise but with the rapid growth in construction industry we could see 100+ storey buildings very often.

According to the old construction method using four steel bars in column was standard but now we are using 15+ steel bars in column based on load analysis. Rise in world population demanded more spaces in small area.

Bar Bending Schedule (BBS)

It is important to learn the basics before dealing with BBS

Important points to be noted for Bar Bending Schedule

• TMT Steel Bars should be kept together in a group that can be identified for each structural unit and list should be well distributed for each floor
• Bars should be in numeric order numbers
• Each bar in bundle should be labeled properly with length, size and shape of the bar
• In bar bending cutting schedule cutting length and bending length calculation should be done separately.

Important Usage of Bar Bending Schedule

• Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) helps to determine the quantity of steel required in construction of your house. This helps to get the accurate estimation of steel
• Once the calculation of cutting and bending is done it reduces the wastage of steel and it becomes economic
• Once you get the reinforcement drawings, cutting and bending can be done at warehouse before transportation. It increases the speed of construction and the transportation cost also reduces.
• Before placing the concrete if the bending and cutting length of TMT Steel bars are measured it becomes easier for site engineers.

To know more about home building be in touch with our experts Expert Advice for House Construction

Why only TMT Bar (Thermo Mechanically Treated Bars)?

Thermo mechanically treated bars yields greater tensile strength, flexibility, and ductility than high yield strength deformed bars. Previously HYSD bars were used for construction purposes but the ductility (flexibility) in HYSD bars are low. HYSD bars are not earthquake resistant that is why TMT Bars are mostly recommended for all type of construction purposes.

During Thermo mechanical Treatment TMT Bars slowly turns into ferrite-pearlite structure for which the outer core of the steel bar becomes tough and softer in core.

Why TMT Bar is used for all type of Construction?

TMT Bar comes with

• Superior Ductility
• Superior Strength
• Excellent Elongation capacity
• Weldability

TMT Rebars are cost effective over other type of steel bars. It consumes 17% to 20% lesser quantity of steel. For lighter weight transportation cost of TMT Bar is less. For superior ductility it can be used for all type of construction purposes. For superior quality elongation TMT Bar can bend and re-bend upto 180 degrees without any damage. As per ISO Fe 500D grade TMT Bar has the perfect balance of strength and flexibility. Therefore, Fe 500D TMT bar is perfect for “sudden load absorption”. TMT Bars are highly thermal/fire resistant as well.  It can absorb heat from 400 to 600 degree Celsius. Thus, TMT Bar makes your home highly fire resistant.

Flexibility in TMT Bar

It is important to choose ductile TMT Bar. As per IS Standards Fe 500d grade TMT Bars has ultimate tensile strength of 565 N/mm2. Carbon, Phosphorus and Sulphur percentage is as low as 0.25% max. That is why TMT Bars can take sudden loads during an Earthquake or Flood. TMT Bars are highly Corrosion Resistant (CRS) and Resistant to Fire.

For high ductility TMT Bars are used for all type of construction purposes. Countries like China, Indonesia and Japan that are extremely prone to earthquake there also Commercial structures, Skyscrapers, Houses are made of TMT Bars. TMT Bar is the advancement in manufacturing sector that helped to build all type of structures without facing any problem. During the quenching process Steel rods passes through the water spray system in the quenching box. The moment steel bar comes in contact with cold water the outer surface hardens and becomes martensite where the inner core remains soft. During this water spray system (Thermex Technology) TMT Bars become highly tensile.

Flexibility in TMT Bar is important otherwise it cannot exchange the extra load during an earthquake. In new edge construction bending and re-bending is essential. TMT Bar easily bend/re-bend as per construction requirement. If a TMT Bar is not flexible it cannot withstand the building during stronger shock waves.

Fe 500d Grade TMT Bars has the perfect balance of strength & flexibility as per IS Standards. It is recommended to use for all type of construction purposes. Shyam Steel’s Fe 500d TMT Bar is considered to be the best ones in the market compare to the other TMT Bars. This chart below will describe how Shyam Steel’s flexiSTRONG TMT Rebar is the best for all type of construction purposes.

TMT Rebar saves cost and best in quality over HYSD bars. It is important to choose the best quality TMT Bar that comes with the perfect combination of Strength & Flexibility. Therefore, while making your dream home only choose best quality TMT Bar.

Current price of TMT Bar